Abstract: This paper analyzes the development status, problems and development trends of the power industry in the communication industry from the perspective of the macroeconomics industry chain. It is proposed to strengthen the independent innovation of communication power, the digestion and absorption of foreign high-tech, and the revision and promotion of technical specifications. The communication power supply is developing in a more reliable, energy-saving, environmentally friendly and efficient manner.
I hope that the relevant contents of the article can be used for reference by relevant decision-making departments, and jointly make China's communication power industry bigger and stronger.
1 Overview
Communication power is an indispensable part of the communication system. Its design goal is to provide energy to communication equipment safely, reliably, efficiently, stably and continuously. Communication power must be equipped with intelligent monitoring, unattended and automatic battery management to meet the needs of the network era.
Communication power consulting design is one of the regular services in the communication industry consulting unit business unit. With the development of communication network, designers have witnessed the evolution of equipment and materials in communication power technology. Although the communication power supply has always been regarded as a network supporting part, the investment proportion of the communication power supply equipment, the proportion of the space of the equipment room, and the reliability influence surface can not be regarded as only one auxiliary professional. At present, the competition in the industry tends to compete with the industry chain. Users, equipment manufacturers, and consulting designers are all aware of the development status of the entire industry chain to formulate corresponding procurement strategies, market strategies and research and development strategies. The communication power supply described in this paper refers to the equipment for low-voltage power distribution, backup power generation equipment and AC/DC power supply for data center equipment room, base station and office building, and embedded power supply for IT equipment. The difference between PC and mobile terminal is PC. Equipment power supply, the latter mainly refers to the device's embedded power module, which is beyond the scope of this article.
2 Analysis of the composition of the communication power industry chain
The industrial chain is a concept that includes four dimensions: value chain, enterprise chain, supply chain and space chain. There are a large number of upstream and downstream relations and mutual value exchanges in the industrial chain. The upstream links deliver products or services to the downstream links, and the downstream links feed back information to the upstream links.
The communication power industry chain is mainly divided into: raw materials, equipment manufacturing, agency, engineering consulting and design, construction, supervision, and engineering investment.
From the perspective of enterprise chain and upstream and downstream, the communication power industry chain is mainly divided into: raw material suppliers, equipment manufacturers, mechanical and electrical equipment agents, telecommunications engineering consulting and design institutes, telecommunications engineering construction, telecommunications engineering supervision, and telecom operators.
From the perspective of space chain, the domestic communication power industry is concentrated in the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, and Beijing; foreign countries are mainly concentrated in Central European countries and the United States, which accounts for 60% of the communications power market share.
3 Industry chain status and problems
3.1 Equipment manufacturing
(1) Insufficient original innovation, monopolized market for foreign products
In recent years, with the advancement of technology, especially the upgrading of power devices, the continuous use of new electromagnetic materials, the continuous improvement of power conversion technology, the continuous improvement of control methods, and the continuous integration of technologies in related disciplines, communication power supply in the system Great progress has been made in reliability, stability, electromagnetic compatibility, elimination of current harmonics on the grid side, improved power utilization, reduced losses, and improved dynamic performance of the system. However, it should also be noted that there are still major problems in the manufacturing of the communication power industry equipment in China.
The seven strategic new industries supported by the national “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†include strategic emerging industries such as energy conservation and environmental protection, new generation information technology, biology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy, new materials and new energy vehicles. They are all related to communication equipment. For example, in the new material industry, the “12th Five-Year†key product is high specific volume powder. The higher the specific volume of tantalum powder, the higher the capacity of the capacitor and the smaller the size; the new generation information technology TDLTE and so on. The energy consumption of the three major communication operators accounts for 3% of the total social energy consumption level, and with the advent of the big data era, the development direction of communication power is environmentally friendly power supply equipment. From small to 6 A miniature circuit breakers to molded case circuit breakers, frame circuit breakers, high voltage vacuum circuit breakers, etc., as well as high and low voltage cabinets have long been monopolized by foreign companies. The domestic power electronic device enterprises are developing slowly, the user recognition is low, the development lacks stamina, and some are merged or become the old model products foundries. The national policy is mainly focused on high-end, new technology, lack of investment in technology upgrades and transformations in basic needs; in fact, it is still ahead of the layout, but the results are minimal. Because the whole manufacturing industry reflects the barrel effect of the industrial chain; the state focuses on the large-scale equipment industry, lacking guidance for the widely used product industry, is a catch-up, high-tech investment, but has little effect, and has to be large-scale The situation of importing advanced products.
(2) The communication power industry needs the original source
There are many consulting and design experts in the field of communication power supply in China, such as UPS and lightning protection grounding. In the industry, we have introduced technical knowledge for the industry and guided some misunderstandings in the development and application of communication power, such as high frequency UPS and 240 V DC. It is a very good technology; the use of high-pressure oil machine is also an inevitable trend, it is also worth investing and promoting; for such as "zero ground low voltage should be less than 1 V to power up", "the higher the output power factor, the better", "power frequency UPS Misunderstandings and prejudices that are superior to high-frequency models UPS, etc., should be cleaned up.
3.2 Consulting design
Under the industry consensus that centralized power supply must be transferred to decentralized power supply to improve reliability, communication power supply equipment has moved from concentration to dispersion. However, there is also a way to say that "communication is moving toward concentration and DC is moving toward dispersion". The author believes that it is not appropriate, except for medium voltage. Outside the equipment, future AC and DC equipment are moving toward dispersion. High-rise communication buildings 10 kV upstairs is already very common, and telecom operators also stipulate that “the rated capacity of transformers and UPS units should not exceed 400kVA; the rated capacity of UPS systems consisting of multiple UPS units should not exceed 800 kVA. Several medium-sized The capacity UPS system distributes power to avoid centralized power supply of the large-capacity UPS system. This shows that both AC and DC are dispersed.
3.3 Telecom Operators
From the perspective of telecom operators, the following development bottlenecks exist in communication power:
(1) Lead acid battery is seriously polluted
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the number of base stations before the end of 2011 has exceeded 2 million. Whether it is a macro base station or a micro base station, the average battery capacity of each base station has exceeded 200 sets of 300 Ah, and the VRLA and GEL lead-acid battery packs are at 25 °C. Under the temperature condition, the longest service life can reach 10~15 years, and the battery life will be reduced by half for every 10°C increase in ambient temperature. However, under normal circumstances, the life of a bad base station battery in the wild environment is 3 to 4 years. Since May 2011, due to a series of “blood lead incidents†and other lead pollution reports, 80% of the country’s more than 2,000 lead-acid battery companies have been ordered to shut down; lead-acid batteries have produced a large amount of environmental pollution during production and recycling. .
When lead-acid batteries are recycled, lead-acid batteries are broken down into: plastic, lead and sulfuric acid. The lead sheet will be reprocessed for use in new batteries and is also the main recycling target for recyclers. For sulfuric acid, the high cost of recycling and reuse is directly dumped, resulting in lead and sulfuric acid contamination of surface water and soil.
(2) The power supply equipment has a large occupied area and the space is wasted seriously.
Average data of communication equipment room: The power equipment area in the early stage of the old equipment room is 18%~20%, and the actual use accounts for about 30% of the equipment room area. Many communication equipment buildings have caused the installation space of the equipment room to be idle. The machine room that does not meet the 15 kN requirements is even 40% to 50%. The main reason is that the power consumption of communication equipment is developing rapidly. Second, the battery backup time is long, and the space of the equipment room is wasted. Even with a dedicated, self-starting oil machine, the battery backup time is still 1~4 h.
Average data of IDC room: The power consumption of the single rack in the data center room determines the area of ​​the power supply equipment. The total area of ​​all medium and low voltage equipment, power supply equipment and terminal power distribution unit has reached the total area of ​​the equipment room. More than 50%, high and low voltage equipment and generator set equipment accounted for 60% of the power supply area, UPS and other uninterruptible power systems and battery packs, PDU column heads accounted for 40% of the power supply area.
The battery backup time is long and the equipment room area is wasted. Even with a manned, self-starting oil machine, the backup time of the switching power supply system battery is still 1~4h; while the backup time of the UPS system and the -48 V system is different and needs to be unified.
(3) The implementation of new power supply equipment is slow: the specification is too conservative, and the energy-saving new type of power supply equipment does not take the best combination of reliability and economy, and more sacrifices the cost.
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