In the LTE networking, the macro base station Macro eNB provides basic coverage as the main force; in key buildings and large buildings, the indoor distributed system (which can use Macro eNB or Pico eNB as the source) can achieve full coverage; the commercial area can be distributed. The base station is mainly used to absorb capacity.
At the same time, heterogeneous networks provide a richer and more diverse means for solving LTE indoor coverage, and are an effective means to solve indoor special scene coverage.
Indoor special scene coverage
Home eNB room solution
Home eNode B generally supports 4 users, with a total throughput of 50 Mbit/s downstream and 20 Mbit/s upstream. Home eNB can connect to the operator's core network through cable network such as cable coaxial cable, Category 5 cable or optical fiber; plug and play, direct deployment, low deployment cost; can also access the room subsystem to enhance coverage, similar to WLAN; provides coverage for higher capacity within the area.
Applicable scenarios: The Home eNB is mainly located in the indoor coverage of the home scenario, but the Home eNB can also be applied to the office buildings of the small and medium-sized enterprises. The Home eNB is used for office building coverage, which has the advantages of flexible deployment, convenient construction, and low cost.
Pico eNB room solution
The Pico eNB is designed to meet the emergency communication, data service coverage and enterprise-level user market in the indoor and office environments of the home and office. The Pico eNB supports both internal and distributed antennas and can be flexibly installed anywhere. The Pico eNB typically supports 64 active users, 150 Mbit/s downstream throughput and 75 Mbit/s upstream throughput. Through the FFR and X2 interfaces, the Pico eNB can access the network with great flexibility.
The Pico eNB is used to supplement the coverage of the LTE macro base station, providing deep coverage and capacity expansion of the network. The Pico eNB can be flexibly deployed in hotspots, blind spots, cell edges, and even indoor areas according to the requirements of traffic distribution and seamless coverage. It can also cooperate with base stations of different forms such as macro stations, micro cells, and home base stations. Layered networking.
The Pico eNB can deploy Pico eNB+antennas for building coverage alone or a combination of BBU+Pico RRU or Macro eNB+Pico RRU to share the capacity of the entire building for the Macro eNB, or as a hotspot and blind spot area. Supplement. The advantage of the Pico RRU network is that its network capacity is determined by the BBU or Macro eNB. The Pico RRU network can be easily upgraded by upgrading the BBU or Macro eNB. The Pico RRU network can centrally manage RRUs by centralizing RRU services through P-Bridge. The Pico RRU network can meet the requirements of operators for easy installation, easy upgrade, and centralized management.
Applicable scenarios: It is mainly used for building coverage with relatively large data rate requirements and medium-sized areas. Pico RRU can be deployed separately for building coverage, or it can be used to share the capacity of the entire building for the Macro eNB, or as an indoor and outdoor hotspot area. , supplementary coverage of the blind spot area.
Relay indoor coverage solution
Relay relay is to add intermediate nodes between the base station and the mobile station, and then amplify or regenerate the signal, and then forward it to the next node to improve the quality of the transmitted signal and the capacity of the system.
The relay or relay node has a lower transmit power than the Macro eNB, and the backhaul is implemented wirelessly, so the deployment of the Relay Node is easier than the deployment of the Macro eNB. Because of this, relays can be used to build LTE networks in areas where it is difficult to implement wired backhaul. The Relay Node can connect to the host eNodeB (DeNB), which is responsible for establishing a data connection to the core network.
Relay relay is deployed rapidly, with low cost, flexible frequency configuration, no requirement for backhaul resources, and easy to ensure seamless indoor coverage.
Applicable scenarios: It is mainly used in scenarios where there is a certain data rate requirement, but there is no wired transmission resource and there is a room division system. It is mainly used for signal extension coverage of LTE, and can also be used for small-area indoor/outdoor supplemental blind scenes.
Heterogeneous network coverage scheme for special scenarios
The LTE stereo networking solution is divided into an overlay layer and a capacity layer. The coverage layer mainly meets the wireless coverage requirements, and is implemented by a macro station site with site construction conditions and easy installation and maintenance; the capacity layer is mainly under the coverage layer, and the macro network is used to provide a basic network for hotspot areas with high service capacity requirements. Use microcells, picocells, home base stations, etc. to increase cell depth coverage, increase network capacity, and enhance user perception. Such sites are implemented by base station types such as micro-station, Pico base station, and home base station, and are installed in locations where site coordination is difficult and deployment is difficult.
According to the three-dimensional networking characteristics of heterogeneous networks, two special scenarios of urban dense areas and urban villages are selected to explore the coverage networking technology of heterogeneous networks.
Urban dense regional heterogeneous network coverage scheme
Urban dense areas refer to local areas where buildings, shops, and people are densely populated, and data services are in high demand. The LTE coverage in urban dense areas is mainly to increase the network capacity as much as possible, especially the peak user rate of edge users, and improve the frequency utilization. The LTE stereo network of the scenario is physically based on the principle of layered network coverage. Generally, the Macro eNB provides basic coverage, covering streets and small buildings, and the Macro eNB and Pico eNB plus distribution system cover large buildings to Pico eNB and The Home eNB supplements the coverage blind spots and hotspots. The Relay station mainly extends the coverage of the Macro eNB and covers the streets and basements.
The biggest problem in the three-dimensional network coverage scheme in urban dense areas is the interference coordination problem between cells. Firstly, the location and cell coverage radius of the Macro macro base station are reasonably planned. Secondly, the indoor edge of the indoor distribution system adopts a directional indoor antenna. Thirdly, the deployment of the pico base station and the home base station should rationally utilize the space barrier of the building to reduce the signal between the cells. interference.
A soft frequency reuse scheme and interference coordination techniques for power control are recommended. A soft frequency reuse scheme in a heterogeneous network divides all frequency resources into a number of mutually orthogonal subbands. The macro base station edge uses a part of each of them, and the remaining resources can be used in the central area of ​​the macro base station. The Pico base station and the home base station within the coverage of the macro base station use frequency resources orthogonal to the edge of the macro base station. The subcarriers at the edge of different macro base stations are orthogonal to each other, and the macro base station edge and the Pico base station and the home base station subcarrier in the coverage are orthogonal to each other, and the interference at the cell edge is effectively suppressed. Soft frequency multiplexing and power control are used in combination. Subcarriers at the edge of the macro base station use full power transmission, and other subcarriers reduce power transmission to achieve further reduction of interference.
Urban village heterogeneous network coverage plan
The houses in the villages are densely populated and the population is large. The signals are greatly lost in the process of transmission. It is difficult for outdoor macro stations to meet the coverage requirements. The blind spots are very common. The wireless coverage of urban villages usually adopts the combination of outdoor macro base station and outdoor distribution system, but the difficulty of macro base station construction is large, and the construction cost of outdoor distribution system is relatively high.
For the LTE coverage of the urban village, in addition to the coverage of the Macro eNB, it can also be covered by the BBU+Pico RRU or the Home eNB, and the optical fiber or the Category 5 line can be used for networking, thereby eliminating the difficulty of coaxial cable routing.
In the actual urban village coverage network deployment, the Macro eNB can be used for overall coverage, and then Pico eNB, Relay or Home eNB can be used for blind coverage.
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